Cold chain: difference between revisions
Diff·revision 24 → 25·18:18, 12 May 2025
Difference between revision 24 and revision 25 of Cold chain. 8 lines changed; the page grew by 891 bytes.
| Revision 24 — 02:29, 23 Apr 2025 PurityClaimPia (talk) de-orphan 20,418 bytes ±0 | Revision 25 — 18:18, 12 May 2025 FmocFrancis (talk) unpipe a link that did not need piping 21,309 bytes +891 | ||
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| 132 | '''Last mile.''' Delivery to an unattended address ends the chain at a doorstep. The parcel then experiences the local ambient profile until collected, and no record exists of how long that was. | 132 | '''Last mile.''' Delivery to an unattended address ends the chain at a doorstep. The parcel then experiences the local ambient profile until collected, and no record exists of how long that was. |
| 133 | 133 | ||
| + | 134 | '''Domestic storage.''' Studies of domestic refrigerators used to store insulin and vaccines have repeatedly found substantial fractions operating outside 2–8 °C, with excursions in both directions and with door shelves warmer and rear walls colder than the compartment average.{{r|hanson2017}} | |
| + | 135 | ||
| 134 | == References == | 136 | == References == |
| 135 | {{reflist}} | 137 | {{reflist}} |
| ⋮ | ⋮ | ||
| 149 | <ref name="ich_q1a">International Council for Harmonisation, ''Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products'' (2003).</ref> | 151 | <ref name="ich_q1a">International Council for Harmonisation, ''Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products'' (2003).</ref> |
| 150 | 152 | ||
| + | 153 | == Further reading == | |
| + | 154 | * World Health Organization. ''Technical Supplements to WHO Technical Report Series 961, Annex 9'' (2015) — individually addressed operations including temperature mapping and shipper qualification. | |
| + | 155 | * Kartoglu U, Ames H. "Ensuring quality and integrity of vaccines throughout the cold chain: the role of temperature monitoring." ''Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics'' (2022). | |
| + | 156 | * Bishara RH. "Cold chain management — an essential component of the global pharmaceutical supply chain." ''American Pharmaceutical Review'' 9(1):105–109 (2006). | |
| + | 157 | ||
| 151 | == See also == | 158 | == See also == |
| 152 | * [[Temperature excursion]] | 159 | * [[Temperature excursion]] |
| ⋮ | ⋮ | ||
| 156 | * [[Beyond-use date]] | 163 | * [[Beyond-use date]] |
| 157 | * [[Vial]] | 164 | * [[Vial]] |
| + | 165 | * [[Customs seizure]] | |
| 158 | 166 | ||
| 159 | {{DEFAULTSORT:Cold chain}} | 167 | {{DEFAULTSORT:Cold chain}} |